C++网络编程实践：HTTP客户端与字节流优化

一、环境搭建

在开始编码之前，确保你的开发环境已经准备就绪。以下是我的推荐配置：

操作系统：Ubuntu 20.04

虚拟化平台：VMware

开发工具：Visual Studio Code

二、HTTP客户端实现

1.1 TCP socket连接

在实现HTTP客户端之前，我们需要建立一个稳定的TCP连接。以下是连接流程的代码示例：

#include 
   
    #include 
    
     #include 
     
      #include 
      
       using namespace std;void get_URL(const string &host, const string &path) {    // 连接到指定的http服务    Address address(host, "http");    TCPSocket tcpSocket;    tcpSocket.connect(address);        // 发送HTTP请求    tcpSocket.write("GET " + path + " HTTP/1.1\r\n");    tcpSocket.write("Host: " + host + "\r\n");    tcpSocket.write("Connection: close\r\n");    tcpSocket.write("\r\n");        // 接收服务器响应    while (!tcpSocket.eof()) {        auto buffer = tcpSocket.read();        cout << buffer.data();    }}

1.2 字节流实现

为了处理网络数据传输中的不确定性，我们需要一个可靠的字节流实现。以下是基于双端队列的字节流类：

class ByteStream {private:    size_t capacity;    size_t read_count = 0;    size_t write_count = 0;    bool is_end = false;    bool _error = false;    deque
   
     buffer;public:    ByteStream(size_t capacity) : capacity(capacity) {}        size_t write(const string &data) {        size_t data_size = data.size();        if (data_size > capacity - buffer.size()) {            data_size = capacity - buffer.size();        }        write_count += data_size;        for (size_t i = 0; i < data_size; ++i) {            buffer.push_back(data[i]);        }        return data_size;    }    string peek_output(size_t len) const {        if (len > buffer.size()) {            len = buffer.size();        }        return string(buffer.begin(), buffer.begin() + len);    }    void pop_output(size_t len) {        size_t pop_size = len;        if (pop_size > buffer.size()) {            pop_size = buffer.size();        }        read_count++;        for (size_t i = 0; i < pop_size; ++i) {            buffer.pop_front();        }    }    string read(size_t len) {        size_t read_size = len;        if (read_size > buffer.size()) {            read_size = buffer.size();        }        read_count++;        string str(buffer.begin(), buffer.begin() + read_size);        for (size_t i = 0; i < read_size; ++i) {            buffer.pop_front();        }        return str;    }}